美联储FOMC利率决议及发布会笔记|美联储_新浪财经

精要

缩表（点击可浏览我们的缩表分析视频）将在年内终结，年底将在3.5万亿美元的规模。

强调positive outlook，但担心外部环境以及全球经济同步下行（点击链接看欧元区有多糟糕）。

强调目前无需降息。

强调通胀的对称性（即现在不算达到目标，这影响了联储的政策可信度）。

提及美国劳动参与率低（点击链接查看美国的低就业参与率问题）的可怜，需要改变这个状况来支持经济增长。

申明细节

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in January indicates that the labor market remains strong but that growth of economic activity has slowed from its solid rate in the fourth quarter.

重点：虽然就业市场强劲，但经济增长有所放缓。

Payroll employment was little changed in February, but job gains have been solid, on average, in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Recent indicators point to slower growth of household spending and business fixed investment in the first quarter. On a 12-month basis, overall inflation has declined, largely as a result of lower energy prices; inflation for items other than food and energy remains near 2 percent. On balance, market-based measures of inflation compensation have remained low in recent months, and survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed.

重点：居民部门支出及商业固定投资在一季度放缓。通胀在下行（能源价格所致）。

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 2-1/4 to 2-1/2 percent. The Committee continues to view sustained expansion of economic activity, strong labor market conditions, and inflation near the Committee's symmetric 2 percent objective as the most likely outcomes. In light of global economic and financial developments and muted inflation pressures, the Committee will be patient as it determines what future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate may be appropriate to support these outcomes.

重点：由于外部环境的不确定因素和通胀的低迷，联储会对加息保持谨慎。（这和2016年的情况很类似）

In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its maximum employment objective and its symmetric 2 percent inflation objective. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments.

经济预测及点阵图变化

重点：今年与明年的经济预测小幅下调，失业率上调，通胀下调。预计今年不再加息。

点阵图变化（左侧为去年12月）

有关资产负债表正常化（缩表）

In light of its discussions at previous meetings and the progress in normalizing the size of the Federal Reserve's securities holdings and the level of reserves in the banking system, all participants agreed that it is appropriate at this time for the Committee to provide additional information regarding its plans for the size of its securities holdings and the transition to the longer-run operating regime.

重点：随着缩表的推进，联储的证券持有和银行体系的准备金量正在缩减，所有FOMC成员都同意需要提供对缩表计划的增量信息，包括未来的证券持有规模以及长期操作框架的转变。

At its January meeting, the Committee stated that it intends to continue to implement monetary policy in a regime in which an ample supply of reserves ensures that control over the level of the federal funds rate and other short-term interest rates is exercised primarily through the setting of the Federal Reserve's administered rates and in which active management of the supply of reserves is not required. The Statement Regarding Monetary Policy Implementation and Balance Sheet Normalization released in January as well as the principles and plans listed below together revise and replace the Committee's earlier Policy Normalization Principles and Plans.

重点：在1月，联储表态将仍然维持一个准备金充裕的环境来控制政策利率和其他短期利率，即现有的操作和实施框架，而非积极地通过管理准备金的供给来管理利率（就像危机前那样）。因此，需要对货币政策正常化原则和计划这一早先的文件予以以下补充。

发布会环节

Q：FOMC有多担心经济？缩表是否就是联储的紧缩政策？

目前对经济仍然是positive outlook，2%的经济增长可以维持，经济基本面不错。缩表不是紧缩，对于联储而言，利率政策更重要（已经重复强调过）。

笔者注：The New York Fed Staff Nowcast stands at 1.4% for 2019:Q1 and 1.5% for 2019:Q2.

Q：全球经济是怎么影响到美国经济的呢？

2017年大家同步上行，现在同步下行。中欧都在下行，欧洲下行更明显。但目前仍然没看到衰退的可能性。

图：欧洲央行首席经济学家Praet提及欧元区经济疲软。