台风能否为风电场带来发电效益？|舟山市_新浪财经

转自：CGTN

2023年，极端天气现象发生的频度、规模和严重性屡创纪录，在世界多地造成巨大破坏性损失。科学家们就气候变化带来的严重影响频繁发出警告。但同时，人们也不禁思量：能否有效利用极端天气，使人类从中受益？

CGTN就此话题专访了中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院新能源工程院总工程师李炜。他认为某些极端天气，如台风带来暴风时，也可能为风电场带来发电效益。

Extreme weather patterns have caused havoc around the world in 2023. While scientists have warned about the consequences caused by climate change, some are wondering: Can the power of typhoons be utilized productively? Can we benefit from these scorching heatwaves and overwhelming windstorms?

CGTN has talked this over with Li Wei, chief engineer of Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co., Ltd. (HDEC).

Li Wei believes that some extreme weather patterns, such as typhoons, not only bring about rainstorms but also strong winds that can be beneficial for wind power generation.

2022年1月2日，浙江舟山，国电舟山普陀海上风电工程/李炜

根据我国现行标准和大型风电机组的性能指标，可将登陆我国的台风类型划分为三大类，包括效益型、防御型和破坏型。

效益型是指受台风外围影响，最大风力在10级以下（登陆时台风中心附近最大风力小于24.5米/秒）；防御型是指受台风外围影响，最大风力为10~11级（登陆时台风中心附近最大风力在24.5~32.6米/秒）；破坏型是指受台风外围影响，最大风力在12级以上（登陆时台风中心附近最大风力大于36.9米/秒）。

随着我国海上风电技术的发展和风机结构形式的创新，新型风电设备对于强度达12级以上的台风的抵御能力将会不断增强，因而上述三大类台风的分类标准也会被持续刷新。

Li says typhoons that land in China can be divided into three categories: profitable, defensive and destructive, according to China's current standards and performance indicators for wind turbines.

The profitable type, which is affected by the typhoon's periphery, has a maximum wind force below scale 10, with a maximum wind speed of less than 24.5 meters/second (m/s) near the typhoon center upon landing.

The defensive type, which is affected by the typhoon's periphery, has a maximum wind force between scale 10 and 11, with a maximum wind speed ranging from 24.5 m/s to 32.6 m/s.

Meanwhile, the destructive type, which is affected by the typhoon's periphery, has a maximum wind force above scale 12, with a maximum wind speed surpassing 36.9 m/s.

With the development of offshore wind power technology and innovation of wind turbine structures, the capability of wind turbines, manufactured in China, to withstand typhoons with scale-12 winds or above will be enhanced over time. Technical standards used to categorize typhoons will be updated, too.

当风电场遇到效益型台风，处于台风外围时，气流相对平稳，大风天气破坏性相对较弱，大风可以转化成有利于风电等清洁能源发电的有效来源。

例如，受台风“苏拉”和“海葵”影响，三峡集团福建区域海上风电场9月1日最大风速达23.56米/秒，安装在该风电场的全球首台16兆瓦超大容量海上风电机组实现24小时满功率运行，单日发电量达38.41万千瓦时，创风电单机单日发电量新纪录。该发电量能满足近17万人一天的生活用电。

对于防御型和破坏型台风，我们则需要从技术上突破限制瓶颈，以优化利用资源。具体措施包括研发制造能够在强风条件下捕捉风能的电机；应对台风过境涡旋的影响，通过定制化台风控制流程以及控制算法，增强风电机组对台风工况的适应能力。

When a wind farm encounters a profitable typhoon, the airflow is relatively stable and the windy weather is relatively less destructive, says Li. Therefore, the strong wind can be converted into an effective source of clean energy generation.

Affected by typhoons Sura and Haikui, China's self-developed 16-megawatt offshore wind turbine unit, operating off the coast of southeast China's Fujian Province, set a new world record for single-day electricity generation per unit on September 1, according to its operator China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC).

Driven partially by the maximum wind speed of 23.56 m/s, the turbine had worked at its maximum power generating capacity for a continuous 24-hour period and achieved a daily electricity output of 384,100 kWh, which is equivalent to the daily electricity consumption of nearly 170,000 people, says the CTGC.

However, defensive and destructive typhoons directly affect the safety of wind turbines and require technological breakthroughs to better utilize wind energy resources, says Li.

For example, companies can develop and manufacture wind turbines capable of capturing energy under strong wind conditions, or coping with the impact of typhoons passing vortices.

On the hardware side, companies can use a backup power system and an automatic switching control loop, while for the software part, they can develop a typhoon control strategy system through customized control processes and adopt algorithms to enhance the adaptability of wind turbines to typhoon conditions, Li adds.

要提高风电设备对极端天气的适应能力，需要多专业、多领域技术协同发展。

一是加强大气环流模式等气象理论模型对极端天气的预测能力，从而提高可再生能源发电系统应对极端天气工况的能力；通过地球大气系统的建模模拟空气、水汽和云的运动，基于数据分析方法预测极端天气发生，借助卫星观测数据提高模型预测结果；

二是需要健全的行业标准和规范，指导风电场选址、风机制造，确保在不同的环境条件下设备能持续可靠运行；

三是提高风电机组设计和制造水平，如研发新式风力发电机组，或是传统风机加固、运行控制技术等，让机组在极端天气下能稳定运行；

四是优化风电场运营及安全管理，采取有效措施保护风机在台风期间安全稳定发电。

To improve the adaptability of wind power to extreme weather, Li tells CGTN that it is necessary to promote coordinated development of multi-professional and multi-field technologies.

First, companies need to strengthen the ability of meteorological theoretical models such as atmospheric circulation to forecast extreme weather, and improve the ability of renewable energy power generation systems to cope with extreme weather conditions.

By modeling on the Earth's atmospheric system to simulate the movement of air, water vapor and clouds, the occurrence of extreme weather can be predicted through analyses of weather data, including those obtained from meteorological satellites.

Second, sound industry standards and specifications are needed to guide wind farm site selection and wind turbine manufacturing to ensure that equipment can operate continuously and reliably under different environmental conditions.

The third is to improve the design and manufacturing of wind turbines, such as by developing new products, or reinforcing existing old models in operation, so that the units can operate stably in extreme weather.

The fourth is to optimize wind farm operation and safety management, and take effective measures to ensure that wind turbines can generate electricity safely and stably under typhoons, Li adds.

中国电建华东院自主研发的O-Wind海洋气象系统/中国电建华东院

在台风测风数据的评估方面，我国处于国际领先地位。

当今国内外风力发电机组的设计标准大多数起源于欧洲，以欧洲的气候环境特征为主要依据，并未考虑热带气旋的影响。

国际风电设备可靠性标准IEC61400-1明确说明：现有标准定义的风况无法涵盖受热带气旋影响的全部地区。依据上述标准设计的风电机组在台风中运行缺乏可靠性。为了弥补这一空白，我国相继出台一系列国内新标准。

由中国电建华东院设计的国电舟山普陀海上风电工程，是我国首个在强台风、厚淤泥海域建成的海上风电场。该项目成功抵御了“利奇马”等数个超强台风的正面冲击。

另外，由该院自主研发的O-Wind海洋气象系统也是集监测、预报、预警为一体的海洋气象服务保障系统。

Li tells CGTN that China is now in a leading position in the evaluation of typhoon wind measurement data.

Most of the current design standards for wind turbines at home and abroad originate in Europe, based on European climate and environmental characteristics, without adequate consideration of the impact of tropical cyclones.

International Standard IEC61400-1, which specifies essential design requirements to ensure the structural integrity of wind turbines, clearly states that the windy conditions defined by existing standards cannot cover all areas affected by tropical cyclones. Therefore, wind turbines designed according to the above standards lack sufficient reliability when hit by typhoons. In order to fill the gap, China published a series of standards to improve the usability of relevant standards based on IEC61400-1.

The Guodian Zhoushan Putuo No. 6 Offshore Wind Farm, designed by PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co., Ltd., is China's first offshore wind farm built in areas with strong typhoons and thick mud. It successfully withstood the impact of several super typhoons such as "Lekima".

Moreover, the O-Wind marine meteorological system independently developed by HDEC is also a smart system that integrates monitoring, forecasting and early warning systems.

将极端天气转换为风力发电的有效来源确实可以带来相关的经济效益，但还需要考虑以下几个因素。

一是极端天气的发生频率和持续时间：如果极端天气过于罕见或持续时间较短，那么将极端天气转换为风力发电的有效来源可能并不经济；

二是风力发电的技术水平和成本：如果在极端天气影响区域风力发电成本本身已经较高，那么将极端天气转换为风力发电的有效来源可能并不划算；

三是市场需求：如果市场对风力发电的需求量较大，价格较高，那么将极端天气转换为风力发电的有效来源可能具有较好的经济效益。

Converting extreme weather into an efficient source for wind power can indeed bring economic benefits, says Li. Several factors may be at play to affect the outcomes.

The frequency and duration of extreme weather can be a major factor. Li explains that if extreme weather is too rare or short-lived, it may not be economical to convert extreme weather into an efficient source of wind power.

Another factor is the technical level and cost of wind power generation. If the cost of wind power is already high in extreme weather-affected areas, converting it into an efficient source of wind power may not be cost-effective.

The market demand can shape the size of economic benefits, too. If the market demand for wind power is high and the price is also high, then converting extreme weather into an efficient source of wind power may generate better economic benefits, says Li.

首先，当前极端天气的预测水平还有一定提升空间，需要准确且性价比较高的专业气象服务与工程融合；

其次，风电机组设备相关研发层面的投入以及技术成熟度仍较低，需要提高设备制造能力，保障风力发电机组安全稳定运行；

此外，应根据天气气候特点和风电机组特点有针对性地制定控制策略，保障机组在复杂环境里稳定运行，有效应对紧急状况，发挥风电效益；

最后，需要进一步完善与极端天气影响风电场运行相关的法律和保险制度。

Firstly, Li says that there is still room for improvement in the current level of extreme weather forecast, which requires the integration of professional meteorological services and engineering that are both accurate and cost-effective.

Secondly, the current investment in research and development and technological maturity related to wind turbine equipment is still low. It is necessary to improve equipment manufacturing capabilities, strengthen the safety maintenance of key components, and control the entire process from equipment manufacturing to installation, operation, and maintenance, in order to guarantee wind power generation units operate safely and stably.

Furthermore, a control strategy should be formulated according to local weather and climate characteristics as well as technical features of wind power generation units, so as to ensure they operate stably in a complex environment and respond effectively to emergency situations, giving full play to power generating efficiency.

The last but not the least, the chief engineer says that the legal and insurance systems related to the operation of wind farms affected by extreme weather need to be further improved in the future.