决策者｜中国与农发基金携手共进加强气候适应能力建设|中国_新浪财经

转自：CGTN

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Nii Quaye-Kumah is the representative of the International Fund for Agricultural Development to China and head of the Regional South-South and Triangular Cooperation Center for Asia and the Pacific. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

编者按：决策者是一个全球平台，供决策者分享他们对影响当今世界之事件的见解。倪华是国际农业发展基金驻华代表兼东亚区域主任。文章仅代表作者的观点，而非本台观点。

World leaders are gathering in Baku, Azerbaijan, for the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29) to work towards an ambitious climate financial goal for climate change adaptation. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), a specialized United Nations agency and international financial institution, urges policymakers to recognize that investing in small-scale farmers' climate resilience is not merely a cost but a wise investment decision yielding significant economic and social returns.

世界各国领导人齐聚阿塞拜疆巴库，参加联合国气候变化大会 (COP29)，致力于实现雄心勃勃的气候融资目标。国际农业发展基金是联合国的一个专门机构和国际金融机构，它能帮助政策制定者认识到，投资于小规模农户的气候适应能力不是负担，而是一项明智的投资决策，可以产生巨大的经济和社会回报。

Despite the critical role of smallholder farmers in the quest for global food security, IFAD estimates that there is still a staggering annual funding gap of up to $75 billion to support their adaptation to climate change, especially in developing countries. Currently, global climate finance allocated to small-scale agri-food systems remains precariously inadequate. In 2019 and 2020, the average annual funding was only $5.53 billion, constituting just 0.8 percent of total climate finance across all sectors. This symptomatic underinvestment persists when approximately 735 million people face hunger, exacerbated by climate-related challenges such as increased heat, droughts, and extreme weather events. Projections indicate that climate change could drive an additional 132 million people into poverty by 2030.

尽管小农户在寻求全球粮食安全方面发挥着关键作用，但据联合国国际农业发展基金估计，在支持小农户适应气候变化方面，每年仍有高达 750 亿美元的惊人资金缺口，在发展中国家缺口尤为巨大。目前，分配给小规模农业粮食系统的全球气候融资仍然严重不足。2019 年和 2020 年，年均融资仅为 55.3 亿美元，仅占所有行业气候融资总额的 0.8%。目前约 7.35 亿人面临饥饿，且高温、干旱和极端天气等气候挑战加剧了饥饿问题。在这种情况下，投资不足现象依然显著存在。预测表明，到 2030 年，气候变化可能导致贫困人口增加 1.32 亿。

The implications for agricultural productivity are profound and alarming. By 2035, we may see food inflation rise by 50 percent due to climate-related factors and by the end of the century, climate change could reduce crop yields by as much as 25 percent.

这对农业生产力的影响是深远而可怕的。到 2035 年，我们可能会看到气候相关因素导致食品通胀上升 50%。到本世纪末，气候变化或将导致农作物产量下降 25%。

All nations have buckled up and are contributing to their part in the fight against hunger. IFAD has been a partner of choice in this fight. For instance, since 1980, IFAD has been investing in rural people and empowering them to improve food security and nutrition in China. In recent years, we have witnessed an alarming increase in extreme weather events, with high temperatures and heavy precipitation becoming more frequent and severe. Last year, the climate conditions were particularly challenging, characterized by a warm and dry climate alongside significant flooding and drought disasters. According to the China Meteorological Administration, the national average temperature reached an all-time high, while the number of rainfall days was among the lowest on record.

所有国家都已做好准备，为抗击饥饿贡献力量。联合国国际农业发展基金是这项任务中可靠的合作伙伴。例如，自 1980 年以来，联合国国际农业发展基金一直在支援农村人口，从而改善中国的粮食安全和营养状况。近年来，我们目睹了极端天气事件的显著增长，高温和强降水变得更加频繁和严重。去年，气候条件尤为严峻，气候温暖干燥，洪涝和干旱灾害频发。据中国气象局统计，全国平均气温创历史新高，降雨天数则为有史以来最低水平之一。

Recognizing the critical role of smallholder farmers — who make up 90 percent of the agricultural workforce and cultivate 70 percent of arable land — the Chinese government has prioritized support for these farmers to adapt to climate change. The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035, released in 2022, emphasizes investment in climate-resilient infrastructure and the development of provincial adaptation action plans to promote grassroots resilience initiatives, particularly in vulnerable regions.

小农户占农业从业人员的 90%，经营耕地面积占总耕地面积的70%。中国政府非常重视小农户的关键作用，优先支持这些农民适应气候变化。2022 年发布的《国家适应气候变化战略2035》强调投资气候适应型基础设施，并制定省级适应气候变化行动方案，以提升基层气候适应力，尤其是在容易受自然灾害的地区。

A local farmer is applying organic fertilizer in a kiwi farm supported by IFAD in Fenghuang County, central China's Hunan Province, July 9, 2024. /IFAD

IFAD in China continues to complement the efforts of the government by partnering to strengthen the resilience of smallholder farmers against climate shocks. Our investments focus on helping farmers adopt sustainable practices, improve productivity, and enhance food security. For example, in Biandangou Town, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, we have supported a sustainable agricultural model that integrates field corn cultivation, beef cattle raising, and organic fertilizer production. This cyclical approach not only enhances ecological sustainability but also provides economic returns for the farmers. Also, in Hunan Province, our support for straw returning technology reduces pollution from straw burning and minimizes soil water evaporation, better preparing the land for the next planting season and enhancing resilience against dry conditions.

联合国国际农业发展基金在中国继续通过与政府合作来加强小农户应对气候冲击的适应力。我们的投资重点是帮助农民采用可持续的方法提高生产力，并加强粮食安全。例如，在宁夏回族自治区扁担沟镇，我们引入了一种可持续的农业模式，该模式集饲用玉米种植、肉牛饲养和有机肥生产于一体。这种循环方式不仅增强了生态可持续性，还为农民带来了经济回报。此外，在湖南省，我们支持秸秆还田技术，减少了秸秆焚烧带来的污染，最大限度地减少了土壤水分蒸发，更好地为下一季种植做准备，并增强了对干旱气候的抵御能力。

China continues to play a significant role as a contributor to climate resilience beyond its borders. According to the World Resource Institute, between 2013 and 2022, climate finance flowing from China to other developing countries amounted to nearly $45 billion, accounting for 6.1 percent of the total climate finance provided by developed nations in the same period.

中国继续在全球范围内为提升气候适应力发挥着重要的作用。根据世界资源研究所的数据，2013年至2022年，中国向其他发展中国家提供的气候融资总额接近450亿美元，占同期发达国家提供的总气候融资的6.1%。

In contributing beyond its borders, another important instrument in our work is the China-IFAD South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) facility, which we use to leverage China's knowledge and expertise in climate resilience to benefit other developing countries, as well as enabling China to learn valuable lessons from these countries. Last year, the facility launched a project in Kenya, partnering with Egerton University and Nanjing Agricultural University to pilot climate-resilient horticultural technologies, such as tomato grafting and smart LED grow lights. These initiatives aim to improve productivity and provide technical training to rural communities in Nakuru County.

在国际贡献方面，我们的另一个重要渠道是中国-农发基金南南与三方合作专项基金。通过该基金，我们借助中国在气候适应方面的知识和专长，使其他发展中国家受益；中国也可以从这些国家学习宝贵经验。去年，该基金在肯尼亚启动了一个项目，促成肯尼亚埃格顿大学和南京农业大学合作，尝试推行气候适应性园艺技术，如番茄嫁接和智能 LED 生长灯，旨在提高生产力，并为肯尼亚纳库鲁县的农村社区提供技术培训。

The task ahead is arduous, but not insurmountable. We recognize that at IFAD and that is why we have agreed with the Chinese government that in the coming years, our joint work will promote environment- and climate-smart practices to strengthen rural ecological conservation and restoration and build climate resilience. We will also focus on leveraging China's expertise, knowledge and innovation, especially for promoting environmentally friendly practices for agriculture and food systems transformation at regional and global levels.

未来的任务艰巨，但并非不可实现。联合国国际农业发展基金认识到了这一点，因此我们与中国政府达成共识，未来我们将合作促进环境和气候智能型实践，以加强农村生态保护和恢复，提高气候适应能力。我们还将专注于借助中国的专业经验、知识和创新能力，重点在区域和全球层面推广环境友好型农业和粮食系统转型实践。

I am hopeful that through collaboration and dedication, political will, and adequate investment, we can build a more resilient future for smallholder farmers globally. Together, we can ensure that the most vulnerable are not left behind in the face of climate change.

通过合作、奉献、政治意愿和充足的投资，我们能够为全球小规模农户建设一个更具适应力的未来，我对此很有信心。只有同心协力，才能确保最脆弱的群体在气候变化面前不会被忽视。

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