中非产能合作助力非洲发展_新浪财经

转自：CGTN

2024年2月6日，中国修建的卡鲁玛水电站是乌干达最大的水电项目，位于乌干达中西部的基里扬东戈。/新华社

Editor's note: Mubarak Mugabo, a special commentator on current affairs for CGTN, is a Ugandan journalist. The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN.

编者按：作者是CGTN特约评论员、乌干达记者穆巴拉克·穆加博。文章仅代表作者观点，而非本台观点。

Uganda recently commissioned two electricity substations in its West Nile region, which is tapping Chinese-funded hydropower projects. West Nile, home to about three million people, is one of Uganda's underdeveloped regions. It was isolated from the national electricity grid for decades and used diesel generators for electricity.

乌干达最近在其西尼罗地区启用了两座电力变电站，享受到了中国资助的水电工程带来的利好。西尼罗地区拥有约三百万人口，是乌干达的欠发达地区之一，几十年来一直未接入国家电网，长期依靠柴油发电。

Other regions used kerosene to light their homes and for their businesses, which in due course polluted the environment. A report issued by Uganda's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development in 2018 revealed that firewood and timber accounted for 85 percent of the primary source of energy in the West Nile.

该国其他地区的居民照明和商户经营则长期使用煤油，对环境造成了污染。乌干达能源和矿产开发部2018年发布的一份报告显示，薪柴和木材占西尼罗地区能源来源的85%以上。

Uganda had a generation capacity of 150 megawatts before the 1990s, not enough for the entire country. Even after the construction of the 250 MW Bujagali Hydropower Plant in eastern Uganda with funding from Western banks, Uganda's electricity consumption demand reached 500 MW by 2013. The domestic installed capacity was just sufficient to meet this demand, leaving little margin for growth or unforeseen increases in consumption.

上世纪90年代前，乌干达的装机容量仅为150兆瓦，无法满足全国的用电需求。在西方银行资助下，乌干达在东部地区建成了装机容量为250兆瓦的布贾加里水电站，但到2013年，乌干达的电力需求已达到500兆瓦，其国内装机容量仅能勉强满足这一需求，无法支持经济增长，也难以满足非常规的用电需求。

2024年3月31日，乌干达首都坎帕拉。/新华社

This story is not much different from the story of neighboring Kenya and many other sub-Saharan African countries. Currently, 600 million Africans remain without access to electricity, posing significant challenges to healthcare, education, productivity, digital inclusion and, ultimately, job creation. Uganda, for example, experienced loadshedding for decades until the early 2000s, which became the new normal.

邻国肯尼亚和其他很多撒哈拉以南非洲国家的境况与此类似。目前，非洲仍有6亿人用不上电，这为当地医疗、教育、生产、网络接入、就业都带来了严峻挑战。以乌干达为例，直到21世纪初，仍然在实行间歇供电，这种状态已成为该国新常态。

However, instead of practical support, Africa has been getting lectures on the Western concepts of rights and democracy from Western institutions. China, on the other hand, has been a friend indeed for African countries and Africa has seen mutually respectful exchanges with China for decades. With China’s rapid development, especially after the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Summit (FOCAC) came into existence in 2000, no-strings-attached win-win cooperation and engagement between Africa and China have been catapulted.

然而，非洲从西方机构获得的并不是切实的支持，而是关于权利与民主的说教。与此形成鲜明对比的是，中国一直是非洲国家真正的朋友，数十年来，中非之间始终在相互尊重的基础上进行交往。随着中国的快速发展，尤其是中非合作论坛于2000年成立以来，中非之间不附加任何条件的共赢合作不断加速推进。

China is committed to programs which will not only meet Africa's needs, but also address the challenges hindering the continent's development. In 2015, Uganda secured a $482.5 million loan from the Export-Import Bank of China to fund the construction of the 183 MW Isimba Hydropower Project, which would support electricity generation far beyond Uganda's domestic consumption.

中国在非洲的投资项目不仅是为了满足非洲当下的需求，更是着眼于解决阻碍非洲大陆发展的挑战。2015年，乌干达从中国进出口银行获得了4.825亿美元贷款，用于建设伊辛巴水电站（装机容量183兆瓦）。该项目将为乌干达提供远超其国内用电量的电力支持。

The same year, another $1.4 billion loan was also secured from the same bank to finance the 600 MW Karuma Hydropower Plant, Uganda's largest hydropower project.

同年，乌干达从中国进出口银行还获得了另一笔14亿美元的贷款，用于建设该国最大的水电站——卡鲁玛水电站（装机容量600兆瓦）。

2020年7月11日，在乌干达中西部基里扬东戈的尼罗河畔，正在建设中的卡鲁玛水电项目。/新华社

Today, Uganda has an installed power generation capacity of approximately 2,000 MW. The Karuma Hydropower Plant is expected to save about 1.31 million tonnes of raw coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3.48 million tonnes annually, which is equivalent to planting 1.5 million trees.

目前，乌干达的总装机发电量约为2000兆瓦。卡鲁玛水电站投入使用后，预计每年可节省约131万吨原煤，减少二氧化碳排放348万吨，相当于种植了150万棵树。

It has also connected the West Nile region to the national grid. With this achievement, the region will soon see industrial parks being established. Karuma's completion has also led to Uganda to start constructing a transmission line to neighboring South Sudan. The newest African country is facing energy deficits as well.

该项目还将西尼罗地区接入国家电网，这一举措将助力该地区新建多个工业园区。卡鲁玛水电站的建成也推动了乌干达向邻国南苏丹建设输电线路。南苏丹是非洲最年轻的国家，同样面临能源短缺问题。

From 2010 to 2020, China built and financed 96 projects aimed at enhancing Africa's power generation capacity. These energy initiatives, among which many are green ones, are increasing electricity supply, bolstering energy security, reducing reliance on petroleum imports and mitigating the impact of climate change both in Africa and globally.

2010至2020年，中国在非投资建设了96个旨在提升非洲发电能力的项目。这些能源项目中有很多是绿色能源项目，不仅增加了电力供应，加强了能源安全，减少了对石油进口的依赖，还在非洲及全球范围内减缓了气候变化的影响。

A green transition is everyone's goal, but unfortunately, some want to play politics. The Western media has been peddling lies that China's increased funding of projects in Africa is aimed at addressing China's overcapacity. They claim that as China struggles with its "overcapacity" in green products such as solar panels, Africa is its “dumping ground.”

绿色转型是全人类的共同目标，但遗憾的是，总有人试图将其政治化。西方媒体不断散播谎言，声称中国增加对非投资是为了解决国内“产能过剩”的问题，认为中国在太阳能光伏板等绿色能源产品领域面临“产能过剩”，将非洲当作其“倾销地”。

Such claims are utterly absurd. China does not face an "overcapacity" issue. Overcapacity must be evaluated in the context of long-term demand. For example, according to a report by the International Renewable Energy Agency, global installed solar photovoltaic capacity would increase to 5,457 GW by 2030. However, based on the current annual global increase, it is estimated that the total capacity will reach only about 2,000 GW by 2030, which means the current capacity is falling short of meeting this expected target.

这种说法纯属无稽之谈。中国并不存在“产能过剩”的问题。对于产能过剩的评估，应考虑（全球）长期需求。据国际可再生能源机构报告，到2030年，全球光伏装机容量将增加至5457吉瓦。但依照当前全球每年实际新增光伏装机容量，至2030年，全球光伏装机容量将只能达到约2000吉瓦，显然无法满足预期目标。

2018年11月11日，位于肯尼亚东北部的加里萨光伏发电站。/新华社

Apart from that, the Western media's narrow definition of "overcapacity" as "production exceeding domestic needs" ignores economic fundamentals. When domestic demand is met, the surplus products naturally flow to export markets. If countries produced only for their own needs, cross-border trade wouldn't exist. Thus, the idea of China "dumping" excess capacity in Africa is unfounded.

此外，西方媒体将“产能过剩”狭隘地定义为“产量超过国内需求”，这忽视了基本的经济原理。当国内需求得到满足后，其余产品自然会流向出口市场。如果各国生产只为满足内需，那么跨境贸易就不会存在。因此，所谓中国在非洲“倾销”过剩产能的观点毫无依据。

This is not the first time the West has used "overcapacity" as a pretext to smear China. When China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, its large exports of high-quality, affordable goods were labeled as "overcapacity." Later, the Belt and Road Initiative was similarly criticized, though it actually supported the industrialization needs of African nations and fostered mutual benefits. Now, as China exports new energy products that align perfectly with the environmental values the West has long promoted to the world, the West is once again spinning the narrative of "overcapacity."

这已不是西方第一次用“产能过剩”的歪理邪说来抹黑中国了。2001年中国加入世界贸易组织时，其出口的大量物美价廉的商品就被扣上“产能过剩”的帽子。后来，“一带一路”倡议通过推动互利共赢的合作大力支持非洲国家的工业化发展，中国再一次遭到了类似的非议。现如今，尽管中国出口的新能源产品完全符合西方长期宣扬的环保价值观，西方国家却又开始老调重弹，指责中国“产能过剩”。

China's hydro products are transforming Uganda and the rest of Africa in many ways. Industrial parks have been established in areas where these hydro and solar power projects have been built. Uganda expects more, given the increase in clean energy generation products. As long as China's products boost African industries, create local jobs and increase household incomes, why would it be a problem?

中国修建的水电站正在积极地改变乌干达以及整个非洲的面貌。在这些水电和光伏项目建设的地区，已经建起了工业园区。随着清洁能源产能的提升，乌干达对未来充满了更多期待。中国的产品能推动非洲的工业进步，为当地创造就业机会，提升居民收入，这有什么问题？

This labeling also exposes the double standards of some Western countries, especially the United States. The U.S. has been pressuring and trying to coordinate its allies to suppress China, in order to repatriate industries, especially high-tech capacity into the U.S. Take the semi-conductor sector as an example. The U.S. is leading the world in terms of designing, producing and exporting high-end chips – in other words, it has a large and strong capacity, even an "overcapacity" in this area, by the U.S. standard. Yet, it not only falls short of reducing its "overcapacity," but, instead, is forcing back more capacity.

给中国贴标签的行为也暴露了某些西方国家，特别是美国的双重标准。美国不断向其盟友施压，企图联合起来遏制中国，以便让包括高科技在内的产业回流至美国。以半导体产业为例，美国在设计、生产和出口高端芯片方面处于世界领先地位，可以说在这一领域拥有强大的产能，若按美国标准，应该算得上“产能过剩”。然而，美国不仅没有削减自身的“过剩产能”，反而强制让更多产能回流国内。

But, when China takes the lead in certain areas, for instance green energy, or when Chinese industrial capacity shifts to meet the developmental needs of African nations, it is derided as "dumping" and Beijing is accused of "undermining African industrialization." The "China overcapacity" theory is merely a pretext for its protectionism, and, more and more African countries are not buying that argument anymore.

然而，当中国在清洁能源等领域取得领先优势，或者当中国将其强大的工业产能投向非洲以满足非洲国家的发展需求时，却被指责为“倾销”和“破坏非洲工业化”。可见，所谓的“中国产能过剩”不过是西方实施贸易保护主义的借口，越来越多的非洲国家对此已不再买账。

Bilateral cooperation through the past decades highlighted China's unwavering commitment to bilateral development and partnership in Africa. Africa wishes that this cooperative spirit continues.

在过去数十年的中非合作中，中国始终致力于把自身发展同非洲发展紧密联系起来。非洲期待中非友好合作精神能够继续发扬光大。

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