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在COP29召开前夕,第六届“巴黎协定之友”高级别对话会在法国巴黎举办。会议由欧洲气候基金会主办,清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院协办,原中国气候变化事务特使解振华与前法国气候变化谈判大使图比亚娜共同主持。
中国气候变化事务特使刘振民,联合国秘书长气候行动特别顾问塞尔温·哈特,《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔以及来自法国、美国、巴西、加拿大、欧盟等国家和地区的20余名高级别嘉宾参加。
与会嘉宾围绕应对气候变化国家自主贡献、气候资金、能源转型、技术创新等问题深入研讨,一致认为要进一步发挥“巴黎协定之友”作用,按照《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》所确定的目标、原则,支持和推动今年联合国气候变化巴库大会(COP29)成功举办,并为明年联合国气候变化贝伦大会(COP30)奠定基础。
会议形成主席总结,提交联合国、气候大会主席国、《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处,推动多边进程并提出意见建议。特此发布全文。
第六届“巴黎协定之友”
联合主席信
Co-Chairs’ Letter following the
Sixth High-Level Dialogue among the “Friends of the Paris Agreement”
2024年10月28日至29日,我们——欧洲气候基金会首席执行官劳涵斯·图比亚娜和原中国气候变化事务特使解振华,在巴黎举办了第六届“巴黎协定之友”高级别对话。本次对话是巩固我们对《巴黎协定》集体承诺的重要事件,旨在推动把全球变暖控制在低于2°C以内,并努力将温升限制在1.5°C。我们讨论的重点包括坚持多边主义、行动与落实、雄心、资金、转型、创新与合作,以及如何推动COP29在巴库的成功,为COP30在贝伦的成功奠定坚实基础。
On 28-29 October 2024, we, Laurence Tubiana, CEO of the European Climate Foundation and Xie Zhenhua, former China Special Envoy for Climate Change, held our sixth high-level dialogue between the “Friends of the Paris Agreement”, in Paris. The dialogue serves as a pivotal event reinforcing our collective commitment to the Paris Agreement, including its goal of holding global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5°C. Our discussion focused on upholding and progressing multilateralism, action, implementation, ambition,finance, transition, innovation, and cooperation, and how we can help ensure successful outcomes at COP29 in Baku, tolay a solid foundation for the success of COP30 in Belém.
坚持多边主义和多边进程
Upholding multilateralism and the multilateral process
自《巴黎协定》生效以来,全球在应对气候危机方面的行动、支持和合作不断增加,并朝着协定目标取得了一些集体进展。应对气候变化已广泛融入各国国内政策和战略以及国际合作之中,全球向低碳至净零碳、具有气候韧性的转型成为不可逆转的趋势。然而,为确保全球能够实现协定中将全球温升控制在低于2°C、力争1.5°水平的目标,需要在《巴黎协定》框架下采取更快速、更大规模的进一步行动、支持和合作。随着全球气候影响日益加剧,损害和恢复成本逐年增加,每0.1°C的温升都至关重要,尤其是对发展中国家而言,特别是那些极易受到气候变化不利影响的国家。2015年以来世界已经发生了变化,在更具挑战性的地缘政治背景下,迅速和有力度的行动需求比以往任何时候都更为重要。因此,将气候行动纳入经济发展计划,以及实现气候行动与社会经济发展、减贫、食品和能源安全、环境、生物多样性与健康的协同至关重要。
Since the Paris Agreement entered into force, the world has seen an increase in action, support, and cooperation to tackle the climate crisis, and some collective progress towards the Paris Agreement goals has been made. Addressing climate change is largely mainstreamed into domestic policies and strategies as well as international cooperation, making low to net-zero carbon and climate resilient transition an irreversible trend for the globe. However, further action, support and cooperation is needed in the context of the Paris Agreement, at a greater speed and scale, to ensure the world can stay within the Agreement’s goal of holding the global temperature increase well below 2°C, aiming for 1.5°C. As climate impacts are increasingly felt around the globe, and costs of damage and recovery increase year on year, every tenth of a degree of temperature increase matters, particularly for developing countries, and especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The world has changed since 2015. Amidst a more challenging geopolitical context, the need to act rapidly and ambitiously is more important than ever before. In this regard, it is vital to mainstream climate actions into economic development plans to achieve synergistic outcomes on climate action, socio-economic development, poverty eradication, food and energy security, environment, biodiversity and health.
多边主义和应对气候变化多边进程,特别是在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》原则下,是全球气候治理的基础。我们必须捍卫和坚持多边主义以应对气候危机并为实现全球可持续发展带来更大动能。我们注意到不应当采取拖慢转型进程的单边贸易措施。相反,我们强调与《巴黎协定》保持一致,共同就贸易和投资伙伴关系开展工作的重要性。
Multilateralism, and the multilateral process on climate change, especially in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, is the foundation for global climate governance. We must actively defend and uphold multilateralism to tackle the climate crisis and ensure further momentum in achieving global sustainable development. We note that unilateral trade measures should not be conducted in a way that slows down the pace of the transition. Rather, we stress the importance of working together on trade and investment partnerships, aligned with the Paris Agreement.
我们高度赞赏去年在迪拜COP28大会上通过的“阿联酋共识”,这是《巴黎协定》实施的里程碑。我们呼吁将“阿联酋共识”转化为具体的全球行动和合作。COP29应发出明确的政治信号,表明所有缔约方决心团结一致,努力实现《巴黎协定》的宗旨和长期目标,同时强调多边进展的势头不可逆转,并将超越短期政治周期。在气候行动和合作中保持战略决心,有助于稳定多边进程。COP29应展示各方团结一致,当前雄心、承诺和行动不后退,既有转型创新不转向,总体机制不偏离,并以促成2015年《巴黎协定》通过的深入广泛合作精神为指引。
We welcome with great appreciation the UAE Consensus adopted at COP28 last year as a milestone for the implementation of the Paris Agreement. We call for transforming the UAE Consensus into concrete global actions and cooperation. COP29 should send clear political signals that all Parties resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement, demonstrating that the momentum of multilateral progress is irreversible and transcends short-term political cycles. Maintaining strategic resolve on climate action and cooperation acts as a positive force to stabilize multilateral processes. COP29 should demonstrate solidarity, with no step back from current ambition, commitments and actions, no turnaround from the ongoing transition and innovation, and no shift away from the overall mechanism, under the spirit of deep and broad cooperation that led to the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015.
加速气候行动和实施
Accelerating climate action and implementation
我们已来到了应对气候危机这关键十年的半程点。2023年全球盘点(GST)表明,尽管取得了一定进展,但目前实现《巴黎协定》长期目标的努力仍然不足。未来几年对于加强气候行动和合作至关重要。此类行动应体现公平、共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力,并考虑不同国情。实施《巴黎协定》的努力应在所有主题领域中保持平衡。全球盘点指出了多项加强减缓措施的关键全球努力,确保全球走上低碳至净零碳转型的路径,从而实现气候目标。这些措施包括逐步远离化石燃料、在2030年前将可再生能源装机容量增至三倍、将全球年平均能效提升速度翻一番。全球在适应方面的行动也应加强,包括实施“阿联酋全球气候韧性框架”和制定国家适应计划(NAPs),以指导各国采取行动。减缓和适应行动的协同应扩大到生物多样性、粮食安全、健康等领域,以采取整体的方法实现必要转型。
We have reached the halfway point in this critical decade to address the climate crisis. The 2023 Global Stocktake (GST) concluded that while progress has been made, efforts to meet the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement are currently insufficient. The next few years are critical for enhanced climate action and cooperation. Further action should reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), in the light of different national circumstances. Efforts to implement the Paris Agreement should be balanced across all thematic areas. The GST identified several key global efforts for enhancing mitigation efforts to ensure the world will be on the path towards the low to net-zero carbon transition necessary to meet our collective climate targets. These include, inter alia, transitioning away from fossil fuels, tripling renewable energy capacity, and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030. Global actions on adaptation should also be enhanced through the implementation of the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience and the development of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to guide action within countries. Synergies of mitigation and adaptation actions need to be expanded to also include biodiversity, food security, health, and other areas, to ensure a holistic approach to the necessary transition.
COP29应当弥合当前承诺执行缓慢与《巴黎协定》目标之间的差距。COP29应当在多方面取得进展,包括确保足够的气候资金用于支持气候雄心、全球适应目标(GGA)、第6条下的碳定价和市场机制、公正转型以及技术和能力建设,目的是全面落实《巴黎协定》。COP29还应当鼓励及时提交新的、增强的国家自主贡献(NDCs),NDC应当从全球盘点成果中获取信息,较现有NDC体现出进步并反映各国最大可能力度。COP29应当呼吁缔约方响应全球盘点的号召,在《巴黎协定》框架内继续集体性和合作性,并增强对这些全球努力的贡献,同时考虑不同国情、路径和方法。我们讨论了建立全球盘点成果落实路线图和平台的可能性。
COP29 should bridge the gaps between the slow implementation of current commitments and the goals outlined in the Paris Agreement. COP29 should make progress on, inter alia, ensuring adequate climate financing for climate ambition, the global goal on adaptation (GGA), carbon pricing and market mechanisms under Article 6, just transition, as well as technology and capacity building, with a view to fully operationalizing the Paris Agreement. COP29 should also encourage on-time submission of new and enhanced nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which are informed bythe outcomes of the GST, represent a progression beyond current NDCs, and reflect Parties’ highest possible ambition,taking into account different national circumstances, pathways and approaches. During the dialogue, we also discussed the possibility of establishing roadmaps and platforms to implement the outcomes of the GST.
提升新一轮NDCs的雄心
Enhancing ambition in the next round of NDCs
各缔约方预计将于2025年2月提交新的和增强的NDCs,这是在行动、支持和合作方面提高气候雄心的关键时刻。全球盘点得出结论,即使已提交的长期净零目标有可能将温升控制在2°C以下,但为了符合《巴黎协定》温控目标的全球温室气体排放轨迹,仍需更大规模的减排。然而,全球盘点指出,为了按照《巴黎协定》的目标、原则和要求保持1.5°C可及,全球需要在2019年水平的基础上到2030年实现43%的温室气体减排,到2035年实现60%的减排,并在2050年达到二氧化碳净零排放。
Parties are expected to communicate new, enhanced NDCs by February 2025. This is a critical moment for climate ambition in terms of action, support, and cooperation. The GST concluded that even though the communicated long-term net-zero targets provide the possibility of limiting temperature increase to below 2°C, greater emission reductions are required to align with global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trajectories required to achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goals. The GST recognized that in order to keep 1.5°C within reach, in accordance with the goals, principles and provisions of the Paris Agreement, the world requires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in GHG emissions of 43 per cent by 2030, and 60 per cent by 2035, relative to the 2019 level and reaching net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050.
随着每年的温度不断升高,气候影响更加严峻,下一轮NDCs应当按照全球盘点成果,展现出尽可能大的力度并解决实施差距,体现共同但有区别的责任和各自能力,考虑不同国情。增强的NDCs需要在不同主题领域有具体的计划、政策、路径和方案支撑,并从对实现现有承诺、增强力度和促进公正转型所需的投资和技术的深入分析中获取信息。我们呼吁所有缔约方从全球盘点成果中获取信息,按时提交具有力度的计划,同时考虑不同国情和在促进可持续发展方面的不同背景。为此,COP29应当增强信心,确保向发展中国家提供和调动资金,以支持更有力度的气候行动,并保障其NDCs的编制、通报和实施。
With recorded temperatures higher, and climate impacts more severe, year on year, the next round of NDCs should reflect highest possible ambition and address implementation gaps, as laid out in the outcomes of the GST, reflecting CBDR-RC, in the light of different national circumstances. Enhanced NDCs will need to be backed by concrete plans, policies, pathways, and programmes in various thematic areas and informed by rigorous analysis of what and where investments and technology are needed to enable implementation of the existing commitments, build ambition, and facilitate a just transition. We call on all Parties to communicate ambitious plans on time, informed by the outcomes ofthe GST, while recognizing different national circumstances and varying contexts of their respective efforts to promote sustainable development. In this regard, COP29 should build confidence that finance will be provided and mobilized to developing countries to enable more ambitious climate actions and ensure the preparation, communication and implementation of their NDCs.
实现气候融资的全球愿景
Delivering the global vision on climate financing
与会各方就2025年之后气候资金的愿景,尤其是新集体资金量化目标(NCQG),进行了深入的交流。我们对于对话过程中取得的进展以及在COP29上可能确定的共识感到极为鼓舞。
Participants shared views on the post-2025 vision for climate finance, including on the NCQG. We are very encouraged by the progress made in conversation and the identification of possible landing zones at COP29.
应以综合的方式处理2025年后的气候资金事宜,将《巴黎协定》第9条与第2、4、6及7条相结合。
The post-2025 climate finance vision should be dealt with in a comprehensive manner, bringing together Article 9 and Articles 2, 4, 6 and 7 of the Paris Agreement. The NCQG needs to take into account the needs and priorities of developing countries.
NCQG必须充分考虑发展中国家的需求与优先事项。NCQG的成功必须要有量化目标。实际上,与会各方已就不同种类的量化指标进行了讨论:
Success on the NCQG requires a quantum; different types of numbers were discussed during our dialogue:
为实现低碳及气候韧性转型所需的总投资。关于这些投资需求是全球的还是特别指发展中国家的,各方尚有分歧。
total investment needs to help achieve low to zero-carbon and climate resilient transition. There are still divergences as to whether these investment needs are global or specific to developing countries.
动员超过1000亿美元资金,用以协助发展中国家在减缓和适应方面的努力;发达国家应带头调动资金以支持发展中国家。
he $100+ billion of financial resources mobilized to assist developing countries with both mitigation and adaptation; developed countries should take the lead in mobilizing financial resources to assist developing countries.
对于如何认可并核算其他来源自愿提供的支持,以及该支持是否对量化目标或量化目标之外的愿景作贡献,各方意见不一。
there are still divergences on how to recognize and account for the voluntary support provided by others, including whether it contributes to the quantum or to the vision beyond the quantum.
必须明确指出,众多发展中国家在财政空间方面遭遇显著制约,公共财政资源的获取渠道受限,在资本市场筹集资金的能力也有限,这些因素限制了它们实施有力度的减缓和适应措施的能力。因此,有必要提升资金的可获取性及其质量。
It is important to recognize that many developing countries face significant constraints on fiscal space, limited access to public finance and limited capacity to raise funds in capital markets, all of which limit countries’ ability to undertake ambitious mitigation and adaptation actions. The accessibility and quality of finance need to be improved.
2025年后气候融资,包括1000亿+的资金,对于向所有相关利益者发出响亮而清晰的信号至关重要:
A post-2025 climate finance vision, including the quantum of $100+ billion as a basis for the new climate finance goal, is critical to send a loud and clear signal to all relevant stakeholders, especially on the importance of:
确认公共财政在促进来自多边开发银行、私营部门、慈善组织等其他来源、利益相关方和参与者更广泛融资中的关键作用。
recognizing the role of public finance in leveraging broader and greater financing from other sources, stakeholders and participants, including the multilateral development banks, the private sector, the philanthropic organizations, etc.
推动国际金融架构改革进程,包括对多边开发银行的改革,同时需参照《未来契约》中识别的明确和具体的路线图。
accelerating the reform of the international financial architecture, including the Multilateral Development Banks, taking into account the clear and precise roadmap identified in the Pact for the Future.
通过政府确立的稳定政策框架和扶持性环境来激励投资。
incentivizing investment into low to zero-carbon and climate resilient transition, recognizing the pivotal role of stable policy frameworks and enabling environments established by governments.
探究动员创新融资来源的可能性,包括依据第6条下的全球碳定价机制、全球团结税等。
exploring the possible mobilization of innovative sources of finance, including a global carbon pricing mechanism under Article 6, global solidarity levies, etc.
促进转型、创新和合作
Fostering transition, innovation and cooperation
向低碳至净零碳和韧性未来的绿色转型是所有国家不可避免的任务,这既带来了现实的挑战,同时又是巨大的机遇。逐步远离化石燃料、转向显著增长的可再生能源和能效,以及净零排放能源系统的能源转型应当在可持续发展和消除贫困的背景下,以公正、公平和有序的方式进行,并考虑到不同国情、路径和方法。公正转型,在不同层面和维度上,都有助于支持更稳健和公平的气候行动与合作。技术创新和合作在促进减排、加速能源转型以及加强气候韧性方面发挥关键作用。应当鼓励包容性的国际合作,并营造有利于研究、开发、示范和创新的环境,而非设置障碍。
Green transition towards a low to net-zero and resilient future is an inevitable task for all, which brings both real challenges and great opportunities. Energy transition away from fossil fuels, toward significantly scaled renewable energy and energy efficiency, as well as net-zero emission energy systems, should be managed in a just, equitable and orderly manner in the context of sustainable development, in the light of different national circumstances, pathways and approaches. Just transition, across various levels and dimensions, can support more robust and equitable climate action and cooperation. Technological innovation and cooperation play a critical role in promoting emission reduction and accelerating energy transition, as well as strengthening climate resilience. Inclusive international cooperation and an enabling environment on research, development, demonstration, and innovation should be encouraged, rather than hindered.
《巴黎协定》第6条下的碳定价和市场机制为动员额外气候资金和加速清洁技术在发展中国家推广提供了机会。为增强减排效果并推动向低碳至净零碳和气候韧性转型,鼓励在碳定价方面的合作,全面落实第6条以及设置健全的环境保障措施至关重要。COP29应当继续促进转型与创新,解决国际合作的限制条件,发掘潜在机遇,降低行动和合作成本,鼓励非国家行为体的参与,并确保向全球南方提供必要的资金、技术和能力建设支持。我们强调将不同政府机构,特别是财政部门和中央银行,置于应对气候危机中心位置的重要性。
Carbon pricing and market mechanisms under Article 6 provide opportunities to mobilize additional climate finance and to accelerate clean technology diffusion in developing countries. To enhance emission reductions and promote low to zero-carbon and climate resilient transition, it is important to encourage cooperation on carbon pricing, and to fully operationalise Article 6, with robust environmental safeguards in place. COP29 should continue to facilitate transition and innovation, by addressing restrictive conditions for international cooperation, exploring potential for opportunity, reducing the cost of action and collaboration, encouraging engagement from non-state actors, and ensuring the necessary financial, technological and capacity building support to the Global South. We highlighted the importance, and necessity, of bringing various governmental agencies, including Finance Ministries and Central Banks, to the center of our efforts to address the climate crisis.
结论
In summary
随着《巴黎协定》通过10周年在即,不论各国政治或政策如何变化,沿着《巴黎协定》的既定路线走下去、在COP29和通往COP30贝伦大会的路上确保其遗产至关重要。我们呼吁所有利益相关方恪守承诺,采取措施在COP29和COP30上展现雄心和团结,加强和深化合作,推动《巴黎协定》加速实施并取得成功。我们期待与《联合国气候变化框架公约》、“缔约方会议三驾马车”和气候倡导者在这些努力上的合作。作为《巴黎协定》的长期倡导者和“巴黎协定之友”,我们仍然致力于维护该协定的遗产,并确保它继续成为应对气候变化国际合作的一个稳健的平台和可行的机制。
As we approach the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, it is crucial to stay on course to uphold the Agreement, irrespective of any change in national politics or policies, and to ensure its legacy lives on at COP29 and on the road to COP30 in Belém. We call on all relevant stakeholders to honor their commitments and take steps to demonstrate ambition and solidarity at COP29, towards COP30, to intensify and deepen cooperation, and to deliver accelerated, enhanced, effective, comprehensive, and sustained implementation of the Paris Agreement. We look forward to working with the UNFCCC “COP Troika”, and Climate Champions on these efforts. We, as long-time champions and “Friends of the Paris Agreement”, remain committed to upholding the Agreement’s legacy, and ensuring it continues to be a robust platform and functional instrument for international cooperation on addressing climate change.
团结一致,怀抱对可持续未来的希望!
Yours in solidarity and with hope for the sustainable future,
劳涵斯·图比亚娜和解振华
Laurence Tubiana and Xie Zhenhua
嘉宾名单(姓氏首字母排序)
苏·比尼亚兹,美国气候变化首席副特使
Sue Biniaz, Principal Deputy Special Envoy for Climate, USA
安德烈·科雷亚·杜拉格,巴西外交部气候、能源和环境国务秘书
André Corrêa do Lago, Secretary for Climate, Energy and Environment of the Ministry of External Affairs, Brazil
洛朗·法比尤斯,法国宪法委员会主席;前总理;COP21主席
Laurent Fabius, President of the Constitutional Council; Former Prime Minister; COP21 President, France
路易斯·阿尔贝托·菲格雷多·马沙多,巴西气候变化特别大使;前外长
Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, Special Envoy for Climate Change, Brazil; Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Brazil
塞尔温·哈特,联合国秘书长气候行动特别顾问
Selwin Hart, Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General and Assistant Secretary-General of the UN Climate Action Team
奥斯曼·贾尔朱,冈比亚前环境、气候变化和自然资源部长
Pa Ousman Jarju, Former Minister of Environment, Climate Change and Natural Resources, The Gambia
约翰·克里,美国第68任国务卿;总统气候气候变化事务前特使
John Kerry, 68th U.S. Secretary of State and former Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, USA
瑞秋·凯特,英国气候特别代表
Rachel Kyte, Special Representative on Climate, UK
李政,清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院院长
Zheng Li, President of ICCSD, Tsinghua University, China
刘振民,中国气候变化事务特使
Zhenmin Liu, Special Envoy for Climate Change, China
凯瑟琳·麦肯娜,联合国非国家实体净零承诺高级别专家组主席;加拿大前环境和基础建设部部长
Catherine McKenna, Chair of UN Secretary-General's High-level Expert Group on Net-Zero Commitments; Former Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Canada
詹妮弗·摩根,德国联邦外交部国务秘书兼国际气候行动特使
Jennifer Morgan, State Secretary and Special Envoy for International Climate Action, Germany
乔纳森·潘兴,威廉和弗洛拉·休利特基金会环境项目主任;美国前气候变化特使
Jonathan Pershing, Program Director of Environment at the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Former Special Envoy for Climate Change, USA
特雷莎·里韦拉,清洁、公正和竞争性过渡的侯任欧盟委员会执行副主席;西班牙生态转型和人口挑战副首相
Teresa Ribera, European Executive Vice-President-designate for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition; Vice President, Minister for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, Spain
托德·斯特恩,美国前气候变化特使
Todd Stern, Former United States Special Envoy for Climate Change, USA
西蒙·斯蒂尔,联合国气候变化框架公约秘书处执行秘书;格林纳达前气候适应与环境部长
Simon Stiell, Executive Secretary, UNFCCC; Formal Minister for Climate Resilience and the Environment of Government of Grenada
伊萨贝拉·特谢拉,联合国国际资源小组联合主席;巴西前环境部长
Izabella Teixeira, Former Minister of the Environment, Brazil
安娜·托尼,巴西环境与气候变化部气候变化国务秘书
Ana Toni, National Secretary for Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Brazil
劳涵斯·图比亚娜,欧洲气候基金会首席执行官;COP21法国气候变化大使和特别代表
Laurence Tubiana, President and CEO, European Climate Foundation, France’s Climate Change Ambassador and Special Representative for COP21
解振华,原中国气候变化事务特使
Zhenhua Xie, Former Special Envoy on Climate Change, China
邹骥,能源基金会首席执行官兼中国区总裁
Ji Zou, CEO & President of Energy Foundation China
(清华大学气候变化研究院)(转自:清华大学气候变化研究院)
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