* 一旦确认经济已经复苏，则将采取措施改善银行系统中的资金质量、数量和国际协调性。今后，监管措施必须能阻止过度杠杆，并要求银行在经济良好时期也需储备充足的缓冲资金；

　　* 采取行动反对“避税港”等不合作的行为，我们已经做好了制裁这些行为的准备，以保护公共财政及金融系统。银行拥有保密权的时代已经结束。我们注意到，经济合作与发展组织(OECD)今天公布了一份名单，列出了由全球论坛评估的反对按照全球标准交换税务信息的国家；

　　* 呼吁会计准则制定机构尽快与监管机构进行合作，改进资产估值和准备金标准，完成一套高质量的全球会计准则；

　　* 扩大监管措施的适用范围，将信用评级机构涵盖在内，以确保这些机构能达到良好的国际行为标准，尤其是要防止出现令人无法接受的利益冲突。

　　16. 我们要求各国财长按照《行动方案》中的时间表执行上述决议。我们已经要求金融稳定委员会(FSB)和国际货币基金组织(IMF)来监督进展情况，与金融行动特别小组和其他相关实体密切协作，并在11月份在苏格兰召开的下一次各国财长会议上提交一份报告。

　　巩固全球金融机构

　　17. 新兴市场和发展中国家一直是近来世界增长的引擎，但现在也面临着严峻的挑战，令全球经济当前的滑坡局面雪上加霜。要恢复全球信心并复苏经济，资本必须持续不断地流向这些国家。这就需要下大力气巩固国际金融机构，尤其是IMF。因此，我们今天一致同意，通过全球金融机构追加8500亿美元可用资金，这笔资金将用来为逆周期支出、银行资本充足、基础设施建设、贸易融资、支持国际收支平衡、新债替旧债和社会支持提供资金，从而支持新兴市场和发展中国家的增长。为此目的：

　　·我们同意通过成员国的直接融资向IMF提供2500亿美元可用资源，随后共同达成一个规模更大、更加灵活的新的贷款安排，再增加最高5000亿美元，并考虑是否有必要向市场举债。

　　·我们支持由各多边开发银行(MDB)大幅增加至少1000亿美元的贷款，包括向低收入国家提供贷款，并确保所有多边开发银行的安全，包括拥有适当的资本。

　　18. 这些资源应该得到有效和灵活的利用以支持增长，这一点至关重要。在这一方面，我们赞赏IMF取得的进展，包括它新推出的灵活信贷安排(FCL)，以及它对贷款和限制条件框架的改革，这将确保IMF的各种工具能够有效地解决各国收支平衡融资需要的内在问题，尤其是外部资本从银行和企业部门回撤的问题。我们支持墨西哥寻求FCL的决定。

　　19. 我们一致支持进行一次总的特别提款权(SDR)分配，此举将向世界经济注入2500亿美元并提高全球流动性，并要求对《第四次修正案》进行紧急修订。

　　20. 为了让我们的金融机构能够帮助管理危机并防范未来的危机，我们必须增强它们的长期相关度、执行效力和合法性。因此除了我们今天达成的大幅增加资金来源的协议，我们还决定对国际金融机构进行现代化改革，确保它们能够在面临新的挑战时有效地向成员国和股东提供协助。我们将改革它们的授权、规模和治理，使之适应世界经济的变化和全球化的新挑战，同时新兴市场和发展中国家，包括穷国在内，必须有更大的话语权和代表权。要实现这一点，就必须相应地通过提高战略远见和决策水平来增强这些机构的信誉和问责机制。出于这一目的：

　　· 我们要坚决执行2008年4月达成的IMF配额和话语权改革的方案，并要求IMF在2011年1月之前完成下一次配额审查。

　　·除此之外，我们同意应该考虑给予IMF官员更高的参与度，令其能够向IMF提供战略指导并加强其问责机制。

　　·我们要致力于执行2008年10月达成的世界银行改革方案。我们希望能够在接下来的会议上获得进一步的建议，加快进度，争取在2010年春季的会议上就话语权和代表权改革达成一致。

　　·我们同意，国际金融机构的首脑和高级领导应该通过公开、透明的优选程序来指派。

　　·根据IMF和世界银行的最新报告，我们要求会议主席与G20财长进行广泛深入的探讨，并在下一次会议上向大家报告，以期为提高国际金融机构的反应速度和适应能力进行深入改革。

　　21. 除了改革我们的国际金融机构，令其适应全球化的新挑战，我们同意在关于促进经济活动可持续性的一些关键价值和原则上达成一项全球共识。我们支持就经济活动的可持续性问题进行讨论以期形成一个宪章，并就此在下一次会议上作进一步讨论。我们注意到其他一些论坛已经开始研究这一问题，希望能够对经济活动可持续性问题的宪章做进一步研讨。

　　反对保护主义和促进全球贸易及投资

　　22. 世界贸易的增长促成了世界半个世纪的持续繁荣。但是，现在它出现了25年来的首次下滑。需求的萎缩因保护主义压力的增大和商业信贷撤离而加剧。重振世界贸易和投资是恢复全球经济增长的核心所在。我们不会重犯过往时代保护主义的历史错误。为此我们重申在华盛顿许下的承诺：不得针对投资或商品及服务贸易设置新的障碍，不对出口施加新的限制，不得推行违背世贸组织(WTO)规则的措施来刺激出口。此外，我们将立即行动纠正已采取的这一类措施。我们决定将上述承诺的期限延长至2010年结束。

　　我们将努力把包括财政政策和支持金融业行动在内的国内政策行动对贸易和投资的任何不利影响降至最低程度。我们不会退而奉行金融保护主义，尤其不能采取限制世界范围内的资本流动——特别是流向发展中国家的资本——的措施。

　　我们将立即把任何这样的行为通报WTO，我们呼吁WTO和其他国际组织共同在各自职权范围内监督我们履行上述承诺的情况并每个季度予以公布。

　　与此同时，我们将采取一切力所能及的行动来促进和推动贸易及投资，我们将确保在未来两年中通过出口信贷和投资机构及多边开发银行(MDB)至少提供2500亿美元的资金来支持贸易融资。我们还将要求我们的金融监管机构将必备资本中的可用弹性资金用于贸易融资。

　　23. 我们将继续致力于就急需的多哈发展议程达成一个积极和兼顾各方的协议，这样世界经济总量每年至少能增加1500亿美元。为达成这一目标，我们承诺将维护议程已取得的进展，其中包括就议程形式所达成的一致。

　　24. 未来一段时期中，我们将把工作重点和政治关注重新转向这一关键性事务，我们将通过持续不断的工作和所有相关的国际会议来推动议程取得进展。

　　确保所有经济体公平而持续地复苏

　　25. 我们决心不能仅恢复经济的成长，我们还必须为一个公平和可持续的世界经济奠定基础。我们已经意识到，当前这场危机对最贫穷国家的冲击过重，我们共同负有减轻本次危机对社会影响的责任，以求将危机对全球发展潜力的长期破坏降至最低限度。

　　我们重申我们在千年发展目标会议上作出的历史性承诺，我们将致力于履行我们各自的官方发展援助(ODA)承诺，其中包括促进贸易援助、债务减免及格伦伊格斯(Gleneagles)会议上做出的承诺，特别是对撒哈拉以南非洲国家的承诺。

　　我们今天已采取的行动和已做出的决定将提供500亿美元来支持低收入国家的社会保障、促进贸易和安全发展，这是我们在危机中显著加大对低收入国家和其他发展中国家以及新兴市场扶持力度的一个组成部分。

　　我们正在使最贫穷国家能获得社会保障所需的资源，其中包括向长期食品安全投资和志愿向世界银行的《脆弱性框架计划》 -- 该计划包括基础设施危机基金和社会快速响应基金——提供双边性捐款。

　　我们已决定借助新的收入模式——即动用IMF出售黄金所产生的更多资源——和结余资金在未来2至3年中为最贫穷国家再提供60亿美元的形式灵活的特惠贷款。我们呼吁IMF在春季会议上就此拿出切实的计划。

　　我们已同意对《偿债能力架构》的灵活性进行再评估，我们呼吁IMF和世行在国际货币金融委员会(IMFC)和发展委员会的年会上就此作出通报。我们呼吁联合国和其他国际机构建立一个有效机制，监控当前危机对最贫穷和最脆弱国家的影响。

　　26. 我们对受本次危机影响的人口的数量和范围有清醒认识。我们承诺将通过创造就业机会和收入支持措施来帮助那些受到危机影响的人。我们将建立一个对男性和女性均友好的劳动力市场。因此，我们欢迎伦敦就业会议和罗马社会峰会发布的公报和它们所提出的基本原则。我们将借助刺激经济增长、投资于教育和培训来支持就业，通过积极的劳动力市场政策和关注最弱势人群来鼓励用工。我们呼吁国际劳工组织和其他相关机构共同工作，对我们已采取和未来有必要再采取的行动进行评估。

　　27. 我们同意以最佳方式使用财政刺激计划的资金，以达成帮助经济有活力、可持续且绿色复苏的目标。我们将进行变革，转用清洁的节省资源和低碳排放量的新技术及基础设施。我们鼓励多边开发银行(MDB)致力于达成这样的目标。我们将共同确定和推行构建可持续发展经济的进一步举措。

　　27. 我们重申我们在化解气候不可逆变化威胁方面的承诺，其依据是各国负有共同但有区别责任的原则。我们将致力于在2009年12月于哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化会议上达成协议。

　　履行我们的承诺

　　29. 我们已承诺共同采取坚决的紧急行动，将以上承诺转化为行动。我们同意在今年底之前再次集会评估我们履行承诺的进展。

    英文版全文：

　　London Summit – Leaders’ Statement

　　2 April 2009

　　1. We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009。

　　2. We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times; a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve. A global crisis requires a global solution。

　　3. We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible; that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared; and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too; and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too. We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions。

　　4. We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to:

　　restore confidence, growth, and jobs;

　　repair the financial system to restore lending;

　　strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;

　　fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;

　　promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity; and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery。

　　By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future。

　　5. The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy. Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale。

　　Restoring growth and jobs

　　6. We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy. We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth。

　　7. Our central banks have also taken exceptional action. Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability。

　　8. Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows. We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets. We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector。

　　9. Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times. Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay. Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance。

　　10. Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010. We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth. We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required。

　　11. We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand. We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term。

　　12. We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system. We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy。

　　Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

　　13. Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis. Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system. We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens。

　　14. We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong. But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires. Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency; guard against risk across the financial system; dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle; reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing; and discourage excessive risk-taking. Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace。

　　15. To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report. We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System. In particular we agree:

　　to establish a new Financial Stability Board (FSB) with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF)， including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;

　　that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;

　　to reshape our regulatory systems so that our authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;

　　to extend regulation and oversight to all systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets. This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;

　　to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;

　　to take action, once recovery is assured, to improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system. In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;

　　to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens. We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems. The era of banking secrecy is over. We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;

　　to call on the accounting standard setters to work urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards; and

　　to extend regulatory oversight and registration to Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest。

　　16. We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan. We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November。

　　Strengthening our global financial institutions

　　17. Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy. It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them. This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the

　　IMF. We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support. To this end:

　　we have agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary; and

　　we support a substantial increase in lending of at least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)， including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital。

　　18. It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth. We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line (FCL) and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors. We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement。

　　19. We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment。

　　20. In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy. So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face. We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation. This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making. To this end:

　　we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 2008 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011;

　　we agree that, alongside this, consideration should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;

　　we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms agreed in October 2008. We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 2010 Spring Meetings;

　　we agree that the heads and senior leadership of the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process; and

　　building on the current reviews of the IMF and World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs。

　　21. In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity. We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting. We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity。

　　Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment

　　22. World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century. But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years. Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit. Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth. We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras. To this end:

　　we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation (WTO)

　　inconsistent measures to stimulate exports. In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures. We extend this pledge to the end of 2010;

　　we will minimise any negative impact on trade and investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector. We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;

　　we will notify promptly the WTO of any such measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;

　　we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we can to promote and facilitate trade and investment; and

　　we will ensure availability of at least $250 billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs. We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance。

　　23. We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed. This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum. To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities。

　　24. We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress。

　　Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all

　　25. We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy. We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential. To this end:

　　we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;

　　the actions and decisions we have taken today will provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;

　　we are making available resources for social protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;

　　we have committed, consistent with the new income model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years. We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;

　　we have agreed to review the flexibility of the Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings; and

　　we call on the UN, working with other global institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable。

　　26. We recognise the human dimension to the crisis. We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures. We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men. We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed. We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable. We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future。

　　27. We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery. We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure. We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective. We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies。

　　28. We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009。

　　Delivering our commitments

　　29. We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action. We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments。

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